*文末有沙龙回放视频链接
*A link to the video of the salon is at the end
2021年4月28日晚19:30-21:00，北京师范大学社会性科学议题学习项目组在腾讯会议室举行在线沙龙，项目负责人林静为大家讲解“教师如何写论文”。以下为林老师报告的主要内容，供大家参考。
一、教师撰写论文的目的
中小学教师的独特价值在于把理想课程转化为实际课程。在教育领域中，中小学教师的角色是他人无法取代的。名师、研究型教师通常会充分发挥他们沟通理论与实践的独特价值，在教育实践场域产出科研成果。科研成果是为了服务于教育教学的学术共同体的探讨，所以研究者要采用一套适于交流的表达方式并解答共同体关注的问题。因而教师若想要自己的科研成果被学术共同体所接受，就必须要符合科研规范、解决问题。其中后者更为关键，这要求教科研不只是呈现平常教学的积淀，还要把经验上升到解决某一问题的高度，要求教师从研究者的视角开展日常工作。
二、论文撰写的基本要点
学术共同体期待教师能够基于证据地解决问题，这需要基于遵循一定规范的研究基础，即提出问题、作出假设、实证研究、得出结论、交流评价。
在提出问题的过程中要明确选题的意义与价值、开展文献研究（以关键词来搜索文献）、清晰界定研究问题、定位研究的创新之处（进一步聚焦研究问题）。在研究设计中要确定研究假设、研究样本、研究方法、研究过程、研究预期，要求研究具有可重复性、研究对象具有代表性或典型性，研究信息具有有效性和科学性，研究方法具有匹配性和实用性，确保研究过程符合科研规范。完成研究后，基于研究结果得出研究结论，再根据研究结果与结论进行反思与展望。在论文撰写过程中，要注重文献研究基础（使用学术共同体通用的术语和概念，文献罗列简短精悍，使用通用的理论作为支撑）、贴近教学实践、突出核心观点、以小问题见大文章。在内容组织上，要有自己的观点，要有相应的论述，要有合理的逻辑，要有适宜的篇幅。在文字表达上，要注意语句通顺、用词准确、图表和参考文献规范。
三、发表论文的建议
第一，富有新意（有独到的论点，有可靠的论据）；第二，指导实践（联系本岗实际，解决疑难问题）；第三，以事说理（聚焦教学实践，彰显研究热点），当前的热点如富有实效性的课题研究成果、教师专业成长的感悟与经验、教师文化生活的品味与认识等；第四，根据期刊的编写规范、办刊宗旨、栏目风格、时间计划、选题重点、投稿要求选择目标期刊。
自由提问环节
山西省太原市尖草坪区实验中学仇子云老师提问，案例类文章需要呈现教学过程中的活动，论文类文章要如何突出教学呢？是否与案例一样？林静老师回答，案例文章强调具体教学的叙事，但把师生、生生的对话直接写出来，很难让读者把握到案例某一环节的精要，导致难以出彩。想要让对话具有更高的含金量、直观反映教学环节，就需要较高的文字功底。在论文中，不强调教学的叙事，而更强调问题的解决，需要一定的论据支撑，对论据的呈现强调概括性。对话的文本通常较占篇幅，往往不太使用。更常见的写法是，根据论点和问题凝练地叙述学生的表现，来支撑论点。
At 7:30-9:00 pm of April 28, 2021, SSI Learning Project group of Beijing Normal University held a cloud salon in Tencent Conference Room. Project leader Lin Jin talked about “how teachers write papers”. The following is the main content of Lin’s report for your reference.
I. Purpose of writing a paper
One of the special values of elementary and middle school teachers is that they turn ideal curricula into practical ones. In the field of education, elementary and middle school teachers are irreplaceable. Famous teachers and research-type teachers usually make scientific and research achievements in the field of education through communicative theories and practice. Scientific and research achievements are used for discussions in the academic community. Therefore, researchers should adopt a set of expressions applicable to communication and solve the problems that concern the academic community. If teachers want their achievements to be accepted, they have to conform with the scientific research norms and solve the problems. Problem solving is more important, which requires not only the accumulation of daily teaching experience, but also solving problems with the experience. Moreover, teachers should carry out daily teaching tasks from the perspective of a researcher.
II. Basic key points of writing a paper
Teachers are expected to solve problems based on evidence, which requires them to comply with a certain standardized research foundation, that is, putting forward a question, make a hypothesis, carry out empirical research, draw conclusions, and exchanges and evaluation.
When putting forward a question, it is necessary to clarify the purpose and values of the topic, carry out literature research (search literature by keywords), clarify the research question and the innovations of the research (further focus on the research question). When designing the research, it is important to determine the hypothesis, the samples, the methods, the process, and the forecasts. The research should be able to be repeated, the research objects should be representative or typical, the research information should be effective and scientific, and the research methods should be compatible and practical, to make sure that the research process complies with scientific research norms. When the research is completed, the conclusions are drawn based on the research results, and reflections and forecasts are made based on the research results and conclusions. When writing the paper, it is necessary to pay attention to literature research foundation (use the terms and concepts widely used by the academic community, the literature should be simple and clear, supported with general theories), be close to the practice, highlight the core argument and underline the topic through small issues. In terms of content organization, it is necessary to have your own point of view, corresponding discussions, reasonable logic, and suitable length of article. As for text expressions, it is necessary to have fluent sentences, accurate wording, standardized diagrams and references.
III. Suggestions on publishing a paper
First, be creative (innovative and reliable argument). Second, guidance and practice (solve problems based on the situation of the post). Third, reason with facts (focus on teaching practice and highlight research hotspots). Current hotspots include effective research results, teachers’ experiences during their careers, and teachers’ taste and knowledge about their cultural lives. Fourth, select the target journal according to the writing specifications, purpose, style, timeline and schedule, key points of topic selection, and submission requirements.
Q&A
Mr. Chou Ziyun from Experimental Middle School of Jiancaoping District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, asked if a case study needs to present the activities during the teaching process, and how to highlight teaching in a thesis. Is a thesis the same with a case study?Lin Jing answered that a case study should emphasize the specific narrative, but it is hard for readers to grasp the key points of a certain part simply through direct dialogues between students and teachers.In order to create a high-quality dialogue and directly reflect the teaching process, it is necessary to have a high level of writing skills.In a paper, there is no need to emphasize the narrative of teaching, but the solving of the problem, which requires a certain amount of evidence, and a summary of the argument.The dialogue generally takes up more space, which is not necessary. It is more often to narrate the students’ performance concisely to support the argument based on the arguments and the problem.